Literacy Development Stages to Support Instruction and Assessment

New resources to help you navigate assessment complexities in adult learning

This resource offers a comprehensive, concise description of how we all acquire the skills, strategies and knowledge needed to become capable readers and writers.

Unlike the OALCF and many other frameworks — which rely on conceptual models — the stages approach was derived from observations of actual teaching and learning. The five stages describe literacy development from emergent to highly advanced. Adult learners in foundational programs typically work within Stages 1, 2 and 3 (roughly equivalent to Grades 1–12).

Each stage includes:

• Instructional priorities
• Indicators of accomplishment
• Linked OER assessments